Department of Research, Studies and International News  07-01-2025

The United States has announced a partial relaxation of specific restrictions on Syria’s transitional government, marking what could be a turning point in Western sanctions. This decision, aimed at facilitating humanitarian efforts, reflects a cautious shift in policy following the removal of Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad.

Late on Monday, the U.S. Treasury Department issued a general license valid for six months. This license permits specific transactions involving the Syrian government, including limited energy-related dealings and other incidental activities. The primary goal of this initiative is to ensure the unhindered entry of humanitarian aid into Syria during its transitional phase after al-Assad’s ouster.

The Treasury Department emphasized that while the sanctions themselves remain intact, this measure ensures they do not obstruct activities essential to meeting basic human needs. These include the provision of public services and humanitarian assistance. According to Wally Adeyemo, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, the end of al-Assad’s rule—a regime long supported by Russia and Iran—has created a rare opportunity for Syria to rebuild and chart a new path.

“This period of transition is critical,” Adeyemo stated. “Treasury will continue to back efforts that promote humanitarian aid and responsible governance in Syria.”

Economic Challenges Amid Sanctions

Despite al-Assad’s removal, Syria remains entangled in a web of stringent Western sanctions that have crippled its economy and hindered recovery efforts after more than 13 years of civil war. Both the United States and the European Union originally imposed these sanctions in response to alleged war crimes and human rights violations by al-Assad’s regime.

While the U.S. has taken a step toward easing restrictions for humanitarian purposes, European officials have made it clear that broader sanctions will remain until the new Syrian government proves its commitment to inclusive governance and minority protection.

Maher Khalil al-Hasan, Syria’s new trade minister, highlighted the dire economic situation. Speaking to Reuters, he explained that despite Gulf Arab states expressing willingness to trade, U.S. sanctions have prevented Syria from importing critical supplies such as fuel and wheat. Al-Hasan warned of a looming “catastrophe” if these sanctions are not at least temporarily lifted.

The new administration has reportedly managed to secure enough resources for the immediate future, but long-term stability remains uncertain without significant changes in the sanctions regime.

Diplomatic Efforts and International Relations

The announcement of the license follows a meeting in Damascus between Ahmed al-Sharaa, the leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), and Barbara Leaf, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs. HTS, which once had links to al-Qaeda, led the overthrow of al-Assad and now spearheads Syria’s transitional government.

Although HTS is still officially designated a terrorist organization by the U.S. and United Nations, recent developments indicate a gradual shift in how the group is perceived internationally. Notably, the U.S. recently rescinded a $10 million bounty on al-Sharaa, signaling a possible softening of its stance.

Resumption of International Flights: A Sign of Hope

Adding to the cautious optimism, Syria witnessed the resumption of international flights on Tuesday for the first time in nearly 13 years. Saad Khair Bek, an airport official in Damascus, confirmed that two flights departed for the United Arab Emirates, and a third flight from Qatar was expected later in the day.

This development follows an announcement by Qatar Airways, which plans to operate three weekly flights to Damascus starting Thursday. This marks a significant milestone for Syria, signaling the potential reopening of its international connectivity after years of isolation.

While the U.S. easing of restrictions does not signal a full reversal of sanctions, it represents an essential step in balancing humanitarian concerns with international policy objectives. As James Bays noted, “This is an important move by the U.S., as Western sanctions primarily follow its lead. However, the new administration in Syria must continue to demonstrate its commitment to inclusive governance for any substantial changes to occur.”

As Syria navigates this complex transitional phase, the international community will be watching closely to see whether these initial steps lead to more comprehensive changes, ultimately aiding the nation’s recovery and reintegration into the global fold.