South Korea grapples with devastating wildfires amid strong winds

Department of Research, Studies and International News 26-03-2025

South Korea is battling some of the most destructive wildfires in its history, with blazes sweeping through the southern regions and leaving a trail of devastation. The fires, intensified by strong winds and dry conditions, have claimed 18 lives, destroyed over 200 structures, and displaced approximately 27,000 people.

Han Duck-soo, the country’s prime minister and acting president, described the crisis as causing “unprecedented damage.” He urged emergency responders to prepare for “the worst-case scenario” as they continued efforts to contain the disaster, according to Yonhap news agency.

Widespread Destruction and Loss

The fires, which have been raging for five days, have consumed more than 17,400 hectares (43,000 acres) of land. The flames have razed homes, businesses, and cultural landmarks, including the historic Gounsa Temple, a Buddhist site built over 1,300 years ago.

Among the affected areas, the southeastern cities of Andong, Uiseong, Sancheong, and Ulsan have witnessed the most significant devastation. Officials had initially reported that the largest wildfires had been brought under control, but the persistent dry and windy weather reignited the flames, forcing more residents to evacuate.

In a tragic turn of events, a helicopter crashed while assisting in firefighting operations in Uiseong, killing the pilot. The incident prompted the Korea Forest Service to temporarily suspend the use of helicopters nationwide.

Authorities issued evacuation orders in multiple regions, including Andong and Uiseong County, where thousands of residents were forced to flee. People were directed to temporary shelters, including schools and indoor sports facilities, as firefighters battled to contain the relentless blazes.

Nearly 9,000 firefighters, supported by more than 130 helicopters and hundreds of fire trucks, have been deployed to combat the fires. However, overnight firefighting efforts were hindered by worsening wind conditions, allowing the flames to spread even further.

Experts warn that the Uiseong fire, which remains only 68% contained, is particularly concerning due to its rapid and unpredictable movement. Lee Byung-doo, a forest disaster specialist at the National Institute of Forest Science, described the fire’s scale and speed as “unimaginable.”

The Impact of Climate Change

Scientists have long warned that climate change is contributing to an increase in both the frequency and intensity of wildfires worldwide. Lee emphasized that South Korea must recognize the growing risk of large-scale fires and invest in greater resources and manpower for disaster preparedness.

The global trend of intensifying wildfires is evident across multiple regions, including southern Europe, northern Eurasia, the United States, and Australia. Studies have also suggested a rise in wildfire activity in southern China, further highlighting the role of climate change in altering weather patterns and increasing fire hazards.

Research indicates that climate change has extended wildfire seasons globally by approximately two weeks on average. The ongoing dry conditions and strong winds in South Korea are consistent with this pattern, making it increasingly difficult to prevent and control large-scale fires.

Cultural and Infrastructural Damage

Beyond the loss of life and environmental destruction, the fires have also taken a toll on South Korea’s cultural heritage. The destruction of Gounsa Temple is particularly significant, as it housed several national treasures. Officials reported that while a stone Buddha statue and some artifacts were saved, the temple’s wooden structures were lost to the flames.

The fires also reached the coastal town of Yeongdeok, prompting road closures and additional evacuations. Meanwhile, reports surfaced that authorities were considering relocating 2,600 inmates from a prison in Cheongsong County due to the encroaching flames, though the justice ministry had yet to confirm these measures.

For now, the priority remains controlling the fires and ensuring the safety of affected residents. While conditions remain challenging, emergency teams are working tirelessly to prevent further destruction and support those who have lost their homes and livelihoods.

As South Korea faces the reality of extreme weather events becoming more frequent, the nation must prepare for similar disasters in the future. Addressing the broader impact of climate change and strengthening wildfire management strategies will be crucial in protecting lives, property, and the country’s rich cultural heritage.