Who could succeed Pope Francis? A look at leading papal candidates

Department of Research, Studies and International News 22-04-2025

As the Catholic Church looks ahead to a future beyond Pope Francis, speculation is building around who might be chosen as his successor. While predicting the outcome of a papal conclave is notoriously difficult, owing to its secretive nature and the shifting dynamics among the cardinals, several prominent figures have emerged as potential frontrunners. These individuals reflect a range of theological views, cultural backgrounds, and visions for the Church’s future.

Pietro Parolin (Italy, age 70)

Currently the Vatican’s secretary of state, Parolin is widely regarded as a diplomatic and pragmatic figure. A close ally of Francis, he played a significant role in international negotiations, notably with China. His supporters appreciate his commitment to peace and engagement with the modern world, while critics question his perceived compromises on core religious doctrines.

Luis Antonio Tagle (Philippines, age 67)

Tagle, a former archbishop of Manila, could become the first Asian pope. Known for his humility and connection to Francis’s reformist agenda, Tagle once appeared to be a favored successor. He has voiced concern over the Church’s harsh tone toward LGBTQ+ and divorced individuals, although he remains opposed to abortion. His popularity in the fast-growing Asian Catholic community could weigh in his favor.

Peter Turkson (Ghana, age 76)

Turkson would be the first black pope in modern times. A prominent voice on global issues such as poverty, climate change, and social justice, he maintains traditional Church stances but has shown a willingness to address excessive legalism around homosexuality in African countries. His advocacy for ethical governance has earned him widespread respect.

Péter Erdő (Hungary, age 72)

A staunch conservative, Erdő is seen as a return to more traditional Church teachings. Intellectual and culturally refined, he is a favorite among those seeking a departure from Francis’s progressive path. His alignment with Hungary’s nationalist policies, particularly on migration, sets him apart from the current Vatican direction.

Matteo Zuppi (Italy, age 69)

Appointed a cardinal by Francis, Zuppi is part of the Church’s progressive wing. He has focused on outreach to the marginalized and has taken on a peacemaking role in the Ukraine conflict. His pastoral approach and liberal views on same-sex relationships suggest continuity with Francis’s inclusive ethos.

José Tolentino de Mendonça (Portugal, age 59)

One of the younger candidates, Tolentino has sparked debate with his openness to modern cultural dialogues. Known for his literary background and progressive views, including support for female leadership in the Church, he may appeal to those seeking long-term, transformative leadership.

Mario Grech (Malta, age 68)

Initially seen as conservative, Grech has embraced more progressive views over time. His evolving stance on issues like immigration and female participation in the Church highlights his adaptability, a trait that may resonate with a diverse College of Cardinals.

Pierbattista Pizzaballa (Italy, age 60)

As the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Pizzaballa has been an advocate for Christians in the Middle East. His selfless offer during the Gaza hostage crisis brought him international attention. While not outspoken on divisive Church matters, his courage and diplomacy make him a noteworthy figure.

Robert Sarah (Guinea, age 79)

A strong traditionalist, Sarah is known for his opposition to liberal reforms and outspoken defense of Church orthodoxy. He once positioned himself as a counterbalance to Francis’s authority and continues to champion conservative Catholic values.

The next conclave will ultimately reflect the Church’s desired direction, whether it’s a continuation of Francis’s legacy or a shift back to stricter traditions. Only time will tell who among these figures, or perhaps a less-discussed cardinal, will ascend to the papacy.